Copyright and licences

3. Creative Commons licences

1. • CC BY (Attribution)
     All uses are permitted, including commercial use and modifications, as long as the author is credited.

   • CC BY-SA (Attribution – ShareAlike)
     Use is permitted, including commercial use and modifications, but any new work must be licensed under the same terms.

   • CC BY-ND (Attribution – NoDerivatives)
     The work may be shared, including commercially, but not modified, and the author must be credited.

   • CC BY-NC (Attribution – NonCommercial)
     The work may be used and modified, but only for non-commercial purposes, with proper attribution.

   • CC BY-NC-SA (Attribution – NonCommercial – ShareAlike)
     Use and modification are allowed for non-commercial purposes, provided the new work carries the same licence and the author is credited.

   • CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution – NonCommercial – NoDerivatives)
     The most restrictive licence: the work may only be shared in its original form, without modifications, exclusively for non-commercial purposes, and with proper attribution.

     The Creative Commons (CC) licence system was developed to facilitate the sharing of knowledge. These are standardised permissions that allow authors to clearly specify how others may use their works. Creative Commons licences are based on four core conditions that can be combined to create different licence types:

     • BY (Attribution) – the work may be used as long as the author is credited;

     • NC (NonCommercial) – the work may be used only for non-commercial purposes;

     • SA (ShareAlike) – any derivative works must be distributed under the same licence;

     • ND (NoDerivatives) – the work can be used but not modified or adapted.

     Based on these conditions, six main CC licences exist, ranging from the most open to the most restrictive.

Figure 1: Creative Commons licences