Plagiarism is the presentation of someone else’s work or ideas as one’s own, without proper source attribution (Turnitin; Council of Europe, 2016a, 2017; European Network for Academic Integrity, 2021). The Council of Europe (2016a, 2016b) emphasises that integrity includes the obligation of honesty and truthfulness in one’s work, as well as actively combating plagiarism and all forms of unethical behaviour. In digital environments, plagiarism occurs more frequently because information is easily accessible (Turnitin).
Types of plagiarism include:
Direct plagiarism – copying someone else’s text, image, or video verbatim without citing the source
Paraphrased plagiarism – rephrasing someone else’s ideas in your own words without citing the source
AI-generated content – using materials created by AI tools (e.g., ChatGPT) without acknowledging that they were generated by artificial intelligence (Council of Europe, 2017; Council of Europe, 2016b).
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