Techniques for using artificial intelligence to foster active learning

12. Literature

• Bonwell, C. C., & Eison, J. A. (1991). Active learning: Creating excitement in the classroom (ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Report No. 1). Jossey-Bass.
  
  • Description: A classic work that defines and promotes active learning techniques to increase student engagement in the classroom.
    
    
• Woolf, B. P. (2010). Building intelligent interactive tutors: Student-centered strategies for revolutionizing e-learning. Morgan Kaufmann.
  
  • Description: A detailed study of the development of intelligent systems that support personalised learning.
    
    
• VanLehn, K. (2011). The relative effectiveness of human tutoring, intelligent tutoring systems, and other tutoring systems. Educational Psychologist, 46(4), 197–221.
  
  • Description: An analysis of the effectiveness of intelligent tutoring systems compared to human tutors in education.
• Luckin, R., Holmes, W., Griffiths, M., & Forcier, L. B. (2016) Intelligence Unleashed: An argument for AI in Education 
  
  • Description: An overview of the potential of AI to transform education, emphasising support for teachers and students.
• Dillenbourg, P. (2013). Design for classroom orchestration. Computers & Education, 69, 485–492.
  
  • Description: A discussion of the teacher's role in leading and directing digital and AI-assisted activities in the classroom.
    
    
• Zawacki-Richter, O., Marín, V. I., Bond, M., & Gouverneur, F. (2019). Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence applications in higher education – where are the educators? International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16(1), 39.
• Adiyono, A., Jasiah, J., Ritonga, M., & Al-Matari, A. S. (2024). ChatGPT and active learning: A new paradigm for student participation in the classroom. In M. Lahby (Ed.), Empowering Digital Education with ChatGPT: From Theoretical to Practical Applications (pp. 189–209). Chapman and Hall/CRC.
  
  • Description: This paper analyses how ChatGPT encourages active learning through increased interaction, personalisation and the teacher's role as a mentor in the classroom.
    
    
• U.S. Department of Education (2024). Artificial intelligence and the future of teaching and learning: Insights and recommendations.
  
  • Description: The US government provides guidance on integrating artificial intelligence into education, emphasising metacognition and support for teachers.
    
    
• Wang, J., & Fan, W. (2025). The effect of ChatGPT on students’ learning performance, learning perception, and higher-order thinking: Insights from a meta-analysis. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12, 621.
  • Description: A meta-analysis of 51 studies showing that ChatGPT significantly improves students' learning outcomes, perceptions of learning and development of higher cognitive skills.
    
    
• Chapwanya, O. (2025). Exploring the teacher's role amid rising generative AI. STEL Journal, 4(3), 45–67.
  
  • Description: This paper analyses the importance of the teacher's role in the age of generative artificial intelligence, emphasising pedagogical effectiveness and emotional support.