Implications of using artificial intelligence in educational systems

1. Introduction

Education is undergoing a period of intense digital transformation, with artificial intelligence (AI) emerging as a key driver of this change. AI systems are already actively contributing to learning analytics, individualised teaching, automation of administrative processes, and the development of new forms of interaction between teachers and students. In this context, AI is viewed not only as a technological tool but also as a strategic resource that can enhance the quality of teaching, increase access to knowledge, and improve the overall efficiency of higher education institutions.

Encouraging student engagement, providing timely and personalised feedback, identifying risks of failure, and supporting specific student needs are now real and accessible possibilities thanks to advanced AI algorithms and models. The recent surge in the use of generative AI tools in academic learning is particularly notable, further highlighting the need for critical reflection on their role and consequences.

The EU AI Act recognises education as an area where AI systems have a significant impact on individual rights and, in certain cases, classifies such systems as high risk, especially when they influence decisions on access to studies or performance assessment.

Understanding the broader context of AI applications in education is essential for effective and ethically sound integration. Therefore, the following discusses the key aspects of AI applications in education: ethical, security, technical, and legislative.