Types of Accommodations in the Instructional Process

2. Universal Design for Learning (UDL) and Instruction (UDI)

Universal Design for Learning (UDL) and Universal Design for Instruction (UDI) are approaches that aim to meet the needs and abilities of all students and remove barriers in the learning and teaching process. These approaches create a flexible learning environment where information is presented in multiple ways, students engage in learning through various methods, and are given different opportunities to demonstrate their understanding.

Universal Design for Learning is based on three principles:

• Multiple Means of Engagement
• Multiple Means of Representation
• Multiple Means of Action and Expression

In this chapter, Multiple Means of Representation of content, as well as spatial and temporal adaptations (accommodations), will be discussed. These adaptations are based on Universal Design for Learning and can benefit all students. Unless otherwise specified, examples are taken and adapted from the website:  Centre for Teaching and Learning, University of Oxford.