Overview of learning design and instructional design models

Robert Gagné developed a model of nine steps that follow the cognitive phases of learning:

1. Gain attention.
2. Inform learners of the objectives.
3. Stimulate recall of prior knowledge.
4. Present the content.
5. Provide learning guidance.
6. Enable practice.
7. Provide feedback.
8. Assess performance.
9. Enhance transfer of learning.

Application:

• structured instruction
• e-learning
• technical courses

Overview of Gagné’s Theory

Additional resources for independent study:

The foundational book that systematizes Gagné’s model and its nine steps:

Gagné, R. M., Wager, W. W., Golas, K. C., & Keller, J. M. (2004). Principles of Instructional Design (5th ed.) Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning.

Although primarily focused on Bloom, Forehand places the chapter within cognitive instructional models:

Forehand, M. (2010). Bloom’s Taxonomy: Original and Revised. In M. Orey (Ed.), Emerging Perspectives on Learning, Teaching, and Technology. Available under CC license.