2. Network backbone and connectivity

A stable and scalable network infrastructure forms the basis of digital education. High-quality connectivity ensures uninterrupted access to online resources, educational platforms, databases and services within the institution. Network systems include wired and wireless infrastructure, security protocols, access management and capacities adapted to a high number of users and devices. An additional challenge is ensuring network coverage in all classrooms and common areas, as well as providing stable connectivity during peak loads (e.g. exam periods, online lectures).

Recommended network connection speeds in higher education typically involve a wired network with a capacity of at least 1 Gbps per connection, while the core network is expected to support 10 Gbps or more, depending on the size and needs of the institution.

The wireless network should comply with current standards such as Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax) or newer, which enables high data transfer speeds, stability and simultaneous connection of many devices. In doing so, it is necessary to ensure full coverage of all classroom and common spaces, including libraries and student zones. In the context of higher education, the application of open-source solutions for network monitoring and management is increasingly important, as they enable transparency, adaptability and cost reduction.

The use of international authentication and security standards, such as Eduroam (802.1X), further guarantees simple and secure access to the network, even when students and teachers connect from different universities around the world. Such an approach ensures not only technical reliability, but also interoperability at the European and global level.

Example: Universities in Croatia use the national academic network CARNET for stable internet access and connectivity to research centres. The implementation of Wi-Fi 6 networks in student dormitories and libraries enables higher throughput and lower latency, which is crucial for video conferencing, access to cloud services, and real-time work.

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