Basics of Digital Teaching Content

Despite the availability of tools and institutional support, several challenges remain:

• time constraints;

• technical limitations;

• uneven levels of digital competence;

• limited experience with digital pedagogical models (Laurillard, 2012; Esteve-Mon et al., 2020).

Moreover, it is essential to balance enthusiasm for technology with critical reflection on its pedagogical purpose.

On the other hand, tools powered by artificial intelligence (e.g., ChatGPT, Eduaide.ai, Canva Magic Write) are opening new opportunities—from idea generation and summarisation to the development of personalised learning materials. However, they also require additional competences, such as the ability to critically evaluate generated outputs, recognise potential data biases, and integrate AI tools meaningfully into pedagogical contexts.

Furthermore, educators must understand the ethical and methodological implications of using AI tools in education, particularly concerning transparency of processes, data validity, and the reliability of AI-generated results.