Introduction to instructional design methods

ADDIE provides a solid structure and systematic planning, making it an excellent choice for projects with clear goals, sufficient time and stable resources. SAM, on the other hand, allows for greater agility and faster responses to change, making it ideal for dynamic projects and innovative teaching initiatives. Gagné’s model is best when a structured approach is needed to guide students through clearly defined learning phases, especially in formal and highly regulated educational contexts. The ABC method offers a fast and efficient way to develop curricula, especially when it is necessary to involve multiple teachers in the design process and reach consensus on the structure of the course. The 4C/ID model is useful in developing complex, professionally relevant skills, but requires significantly more resources and professional preparation than other models.

If speed and collaboration are required, the ABC method and SAM are logical choices. When the goal is to achieve maximum precision and quality control, ADDIE remains the most reliable framework. For highly structured lessons and teaching modules with an emphasis on cognitive processes, the Gagné model provides the best support. In cases where the programme must prepare students for complex professional tasks, the 4C/ID provides the best link between theoretical and practical knowledge. The choice of model should therefore be based on a clear assessment of the educational context, available resources and desired learning outcomes. In practice, combining elements of different models often gives the best results, as it allows flexibility without sacrificing quality.